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What Are The First Signs Of Kidney Stones And How Are They Formed?

Introduction

Stones found in the kidney are hard substances that form in the kidney. When these stones dislodge and float around in the urinary tract, they can bring about a very painful experience to the patient. They do come in various sizes which also can cause immense discomfort to the patient. It is important to learn the initial symptoms of kidney stones, their causes and how they are treated in order to control the condition.

Symptoms Of Kidney Stones

The first indications of kidney stones may not be significant but rather grow in intensity and frequency with time. Common issues include but are not limited to;

• There is an intense sharp ache on the side, back, or lower belly 
• Pain experienced during urination 
• Presence of blood in urine (hematuria) Urinating more often than normal especially at night but with limited success 
• Vomiting or feeling sick 
• Gritty or offensive urine 
• With a cold and fever (often due to an infection)

Causes Of Kidney Stones

Kidney stones develop when certain elements contained in urine (calcium, oxalate, uric acid) reach such levels that they can crystallize. The most common factors that contribute to the formation of calculi include: 

• Insufficient fluid intake (dehydration) 
• Consuming a diet low in fluids and high in salts, proteins or foods high in oxalate 
• Being Overweight 
• Some illnesses ( such as parathyroid disease, diabetes and urinary bladder infection) 
• Kidney Stones’ Genetic Predisposition

Types Of Kidney Stones

There are many forms of kidney stones each composed of a different substance: 

1. Calcium Stones – calcium stones are the most prevalent and are generally brought about by excess calcium in the urine 
2. Uric Acid Stones – uric acid stones are formed due to the excess uric acid in the body and is mainly associated with intake of excessive purine rich food like red meat and shellfish 
3. Struvite Stones – these types of stones are frequently associated with urinary incontinence and grow at a rapid pace to a considerable size. 
4. Cystine Stones – these are quite rare stones which occur in clinically healthy individuals who also possess a hereditary disease called cystinuria.

Who Is Eligible for Treatment (Procedure/Surgery)?

Patients who need surgery in order to not exceed may be:- 

• Those with stones larger than 2 centimeters
• Blockages in the urinary tract that could result in kidney damage
• Recurrent kidney stones that are difficult to manage with medications or lifestyle changes
• Chronic infections or kidney damage due to kidney stones
• Stones that are causing severe pain or bleeding

Benefits of Surgery

There are certain benefits associated with surgical management of the kidney stones as enumerated below:.

• Pain Management: Surgery is the quickest way to ease the discomfort associated with kidney stones.
• Avoiding Complications: Surgery may eliminate risks of kidney injury, recurrent urinary tract infections, or urinary outflow obstruction.
• Sonthir Rapid Dhamma: Minimally invasive techniques such as ESWL or ureteroscopy come with less downtime that is faster to return to normal activities.
• Better Renal Outcomes: Elimination of larger or blocking stones aids in the restoration of normal functioning of the kidney and helps avoid additional injury.

Pre-Surgery Preparations

Typically, patients will need to undergo a series of tests before proceeding with kidney stone surgery:

• CT Scan or Ultrasound: In order to visualize the stone precisely, ascertain its dimensions, and evaluate any potential injury to the kidneys or urinary system.
• Blood Tests: To evaluate the function of the kidneys, check for any possible signs of infections, and find out if there are other medical concerns that may be treated.
• Urine Tests: To rule out infection or blood in the urine as this would suggest injury to the urinary system or suggest inflammation.

Side Effects of Surgery Treatment

Some possible side effects of kidney stone surgery include:

• Infection: The introduction of bacteria into the urinary tract via surgical procedures is known to cause infections.
• Bleeding: While offered cautiously as a possibility, systematic bleeding is an unusual complication whether at the incision site or within the urinary tract.
• Pain and Discomfort: Residual pain can be expected after the surgery, but it can be controlled using pain-relieving drugs.
• Injury to Surrounding Organs: Other tissues including bladder and urethra may rarely be cut with the sharp surgical equipment.

Conclusion

Kidney stones are a common yet painful condition that can affect anyone. If left untreated, they can lead to serious complications, including kidney damage, infections, and chronic pain. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options is key to preventing and managing kidney stones effectively. Surgery is often required for larger stones or those that cause significant discomfort or complications. With the right treatment, kidney stones can be managed, and patients can return to normal life free from pain and worry.

Why Choose Sahyadri Hospitals? 

Sahyadri Hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and a team of expert urologists who specialize in kidney stone treatment. The hospital provides a range of advanced treatment options, including non-invasive procedures, minimally invasive surgeries, and comprehensive post-surgical care. Sahyadri’s commitment to patient well-being and advanced medical technology makes it an excellent choice for kidney stone treatment.

FAQ’s 

1. What are the early signs of kidney stones?
   The first signs often include sharp pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen, painful urination, and possible blood in the urine.
2. How are kidney stones diagnosed?
   Doctors use imaging tests like CT scans or ultrasounds, blood tests, and urine tests to diagnose kidney stones and assess their size and location.
3. Can kidney stones dissolve on their own?
   Small kidney stones often pass naturally with increased fluid intake, but larger stones may require medical intervention.
4. What are the main causes of kidney stones?
   Kidney stones are caused by dehydration, high salt or protein intake, obesity, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or parathyroid disease.
5. What is the best treatment for kidney stones?
   Treatment varies by stone size and location, ranging from increased hydration and medication to minimally invasive procedures like ESWL or ureteroscopy.
6. Are there different types of kidney stones?
   Yes, the main types include calcium stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, and rare cystine stones, each with unique causes and characteristics.
7. How can I prevent kidney stones?
   Staying hydrated, reducing salt and oxalate-rich foods, and maintaining a balanced diet can significantly lower the risk of developing kidney stones.
8. When is surgery necessary for kidney stones?

Surgery is needed for stones larger than 2 cm, those causing severe pain, blockages, recurrent infections, or kidney damage.