Breast cancer has become the most common cancer among women, surpassing cervical cancer. Dr. Joy Ghosh, an onco-surgeon at Sahyadri Hospital (Hadapsar and Deccan branches), shares insights on hereditary breast cancer and its genetic causes.
Understanding Hereditary Breast Cancer
Many individuals have limited knowledge but significant fear regarding hereditary breast cancer. It occurs due to mutations in DNA, which increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer. A well-known example is actress Angelina Jolie, who had a mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The presence of these genes elevates the risk of breast cancer by 70-80%.
Identifying Genetic Risk Factors
Doctors suspect genetic causes when:
- Two or more women in a family have breast cancer, particularly if diagnosed before the age of 45.
- A male family member has been diagnosed with breast cancer.
- A patient is diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age (30-35 years) without any known family history.
However, only 10-15% of all breast cancer cases are hereditary.
Managing Hereditary Breast Cancer
For patients diagnosed with hereditary breast cancer, treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Even after successful treatment, the risk of developing cancer in the opposite breast remains high. Additionally, BRCA gene mutations can increase the likelihood of ovarian and pancreatic cancer.
Doctors may recommend preventive measures, such as an oophorectomy (removal of ovaries), to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA mutations. Apart from BRCA1 and BRCA2, other genes are also linked to hereditary breast cancer, and preventive strategies depend on individual risk factors.
Other Risk Factors And Misconceptions
Factors such as early onset of menstruation, late menopause, number of childbirths, and breastfeeding duration have been linked to breast cancer risk. However, these factors are non-modifiable, meaning they cannot be changed. Their contribution to overall risk is minimal and should not cause unnecessary fear.
Conclusion
Understanding hereditary breast cancer helps in early detection and prevention. Regular mammograms and check-ups are essential for those with a family history of the disease. For further queries or appointments, individuals can contact Sahyadri Hospital through their available helplines.
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