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Mpox (Monkeypox): What Is It, And How Can It Be Prevented? | Insights

Mpox, commonly referred to as Monkeypox, is a viral infection that has become a topic of significant discussion recently. This virus, primarily affecting animals, has also been found to infect humans, leading to concerns about transmission and prevention. Here, Dr. Shishir Joshi, a physician from Sahyadri Hospitals, provides a detailed overview of Mpox, its symptoms, and ways to protect against it.

The Mpox virus, which emerged in discussions back in the 1970s alongside viruses like smallpox, remains present in the environment due to animal carriers. This virus mainly affects certain animals in African regions, such as squirrels and rodents, including mice. Humans can contract the infection through direct contact with these infected animals or through exposure to their body fluids.

The Mpox virus can spread from animals to humans through:

• Direct Contact: Physical contact with infected animals or their body fluids.

Droplet Infection: If an infected person coughs or sneezes in a public place, they can transmit the virus to others nearby.

The symptoms of Mpox typically appear in two phases:

1. Initial Phase (First 1-5 Days):
   • Fever, body aches, joint pain, and mild respiratory symptoms similar to a viral infection.
2. Secondary Phase (Up to 20 Days):
   • Skin lesions start appearing, resembling boils or rashes, which spread across the body.
   • These lesions can become severe, indicating the spread of the virus.

If left untreated, Mpox can cause complications affecting various organs, including:

• Heart: Viral infections in the heart can lead to cardiac issues.
• Lungs: Respiratory complications can arise, impacting lung function.
• Brain: Severe cases may lead to neurological complications.
• Kidneys: The virus can also affect kidney function, leading to renal issues.

For an accurate diagnosis, a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test is conducted. Similar to other viral infections, the PCR test can confirm the presence of the Mpox virus, allowing healthcare providers to take appropriate steps for patient care.

There is no specific antiviral medication for Mpox. Instead, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and managing complications. Supportive treatments include:

• Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections.
• Antivirals in severe cases.
• Symptomatic Relief: Medications to address fever, respiratory symptoms, and skin irritation.

Prevention involves taking precautions when travelling to regions with a high risk of Mpox:

• Avoid close contact with animals that could be carriers, especially rodents.
• Practise good hygiene and avoid crowded public places if you suspect you have symptoms.

Mpox is a serious infection that requires timely diagnosis and management. If you suspect Mpox, particularly after travel to affected regions, seek medical attention promptly to prevent further spread. For any questions or additional information on Mpox, feel free to leave a comment, and our team will be happy to respond.

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