Gout is a type of arthritis that primarily affects men. It can cause severe pain and swelling, particularly in the big toe joints, often occurring at night or in the early morning. The pain and swelling can be intense enough that patients find it difficult to walk or move.
Occurrence In Women
While gout is most commonly seen in men, it can also occur in women, particularly after menopause or around the age of 45.
Main Cause Of Gout
The primary cause of gout is high uric acid levels in the blood. However, it is important to note that uric acid levels may not always be elevated during blood tests. Uric acid crystals, known as tophi, can accumulate in the toe joints, leading to the symptoms of gout.
Related Health Issues
Many patients with gout may also experience kidney problems. If an individual is experiencing pain or swelling in the toe joints, they should have their uric acid levels checked and consult a rheumatologist.
Diagnosis Of Gout
In addition to blood tests, further diagnostic tests such as X-rays or ultrasounds may be conducted. An ultrasound may show a double contour sign, aiding in the diagnosis of gout.
Treatment Options
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, doctors may prescribe medications for gout. Commonly used medications include NSAIDs such as naproxen and ibuprofen, as well as short-course steroids. If uric acid levels are consistently high, long-term medications such as allopurinol may be necessary.
Causes Of Gout
The specific causes of gout can sometimes be elusive, similar to other types of arthritis. Factors that may trigger gout include excessive alcohol consumption, dehydration, prolonged periods without water, intense physical activity, or surgery. There is also a hereditary component, as gout can run in families, particularly affecting those with high cholesterol.
Dietary Recommendations To Prevent Gout
To help prevent gout, dietary choices play a significant role. It is advisable to avoid certain foods, including alcohol, red meat (such as mutton), prawns, shellfish, specific seafood, high-fat diets, and junk food. On the other hand, protein sources like egg whites and chicken, as well as a variety of vegetarian foods, can be included, provided they are low in cholesterol and fat.
Long-Term Management
If a patient experiences recurrent gout attacks, which may occur three to four times a year, it is recommended to use long-term uric acid-lowering medications.
Conclusion
Individuals experiencing symptoms of gout, such as redness and swelling in the toe or any joint, should consult a healthcare professional for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.
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Dr. Pankaj Sugaonkar
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