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What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus? | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

The subject of discussion is lupus, specifically systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Dr. Kavita Krishna, a consultant rheumatologist, explains that SLE is a type of autoimmune disease.

An autoimmune disease occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly starts producing antibodies against its own tissues. While the exact cause of SLE is not fully understood, it is believed that previous viral infections may trigger the production of these antibodies. Genetic factors may also play a role, with approximately 25% of lupus cases linked to hereditary causes.

SLE is most commonly observed in young females, particularly those aged between 15 and 30 years. This age group is often sensitive as many are starting families. If symptoms are not recognised and treated promptly, the condition can worsen significantly.

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The most visible effects of lupus often manifest on the skin, with rashes developing on the face when exposed to sunlight, known as a malar rash. Rashes may also appear on the hands and feet, along with increased hair loss and lesions on the scalp.

Patients may experience mild joint pain, known as non-erosive arthritis, particularly in the wrists and fingers. Serious complications can arise, especially affecting the kidneys, leading to proteinuria and swelling in the legs and face. Additional symptoms can include high blood pressure and respiratory issues, such as coughing.

Diagnosing lupus can be challenging due to the variability of early symptoms. Some patients may only experience a fever of unknown origin. Blood tests may reveal low platelet and white blood cell counts.

If an individual notices any symptoms associated with lupus, or if a family doctor suspects that an illness is not resolving as expected, they should consider the possibility of lupus and consult a rheumatologist. Those experiencing persistent skin symptoms, prolonged fever, or low blood cell counts should prompt discussions with their family doctor about referral to a specialist.

World Lupus Day is observed on May 10, providing an opportunity to gather lupus patients and share information about the disease. Both diagnosis and treatment of SLE can be complex, so it is crucial to seek medical advice for any initial symptoms.

Prompt consultation with a healthcare professional is essential for those exhibiting signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Early detection and intervention can significantly impact the management of the condition.

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