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Why Do Feet Swell While Sitting? | What is Pedal Edema?

Dr. Yogesh Kaje, a consultant urologist and kidney transplant surgeon at Sahyadri Hospital, Pune, discusses a common medical condition known as pedal edema, which is characterised by swelling in the feet.

Dr. Yogesh Kaje, a consultant urologist and kidney transplant surgeon at Sahyadri Hospital, Pune, discusses a common medical condition known as pedal edema, which is characterised by swelling in the feet.

Pedal edema refers to the swelling that occurs in the feet and is a common concern for patients visiting clinics. Patients often worry whether there is something wrong when they notice swelling in one or both feet.

Patients may observe the following signs of pedal edema:

• Swollen appearance of the feet
• Tightness in footwear, such as sandals or rings
• Shiny or smooth skin on the feet
• Loss of skin wrinkles, making the skin appear flat
• Dimpling when pressure is applied to the swollen area

One of the most prevalent causes of pedal edema is physiological. Prolonged sitting or standing, especially during travel, can lead to natural swelling. Upon resting at home, elevating the feet typically alleviates this swelling.

Excess weight can also contribute to the development of pedal edema, making it a common issue among individuals with obesity.

Swelling in the feet is not uncommon during pregnancy. However, excessive swelling accompanied by high blood pressure may indicate a serious condition known as pre-eclampsia, which requires urgent medical attention.

Infections, particularly bacterial infections like cellulitis, can cause swelling in one or both feet.

Patients with liver disease or those consuming alcohol may experience swelling due to reduced protein production in the liver, leading to a condition known as anasarca, characterised by generalised swelling.

Heart failure can impair blood circulation, resulting in swelling in the feet as the heart struggles to pump blood effectively.

Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance. Kidney disease can lead to swelling in the feet and other areas of the body.

Certain medications, especially those used to treat hypertension, can cause swelling in the feet as a side effect.

The formation of blood clots in the veins, known as DVT, can lead to swelling in the affected leg.

Chronic venous insufficiency, where veins struggle to return blood to the heart, can also result in pedal edema.

Low levels of haemoglobin, known as anaemia, can contribute to swelling in the feet.

Certain cancers, particularly those affecting the abdominal region, may result in late-stage swelling in the feet.

Thyroid dysfunction can be another underlying cause of pedal edema.

Pedal edema can have various causes, and understanding these can aid in identifying potential health issues. Dr. Kaje advises anyone experiencing significant swelling in their feet to consult a urologist, nephrologist, or a physician for further evaluation and diagnosis.