Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. With the emergence of new types of cancer and an increase in the number of new cases of cancer in the world, it’s been predicted that by 2020, the death toll due to cancer will increase to 12 million.
In the recent past, it has been noticed that gynaecological cancers are affecting women worldwide and in India. These cancers originate and affect reproductive organs such as Cervix, ovary, uterus, vagina and vulva. Due to limited knowledge among youth & women worldwide, these cancers are usually termed “Silent killers” Women are often unaware of the signs and symptoms associated with these cancers and do not catch them until it is too late.
Warning signs for female gynecologic cancers include unusual vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent or urgent need to urinate, loss of appetite, constipation, bloating, abdominal or back pain, changes in the external genital area like skin colour, rashes, sores and warts.
Unfortunately, screening tests (PAP smear, HPV testing, VIA/VILI) are available only for cervical cancer. The only way to recognise the early warning signs for other gynecologic cancers is by consulting a gynecologic oncologist immediately.
As we are aware, the key to preventing complications related to cancer is early detection and hence, consultation with a gynecologic oncologist becomes essential for females who have multiple risk factors such as obesity, being HIV positive, women who have never conceived or someone who has had numerous sexual partners or significant family history of cancer.
It has been studied in the past that Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract that could lead to cancerous cells. However, a vaccine is now available that can be given to young females, preferably in their teens.
Gynaecological cancer treatment is witnessing a paradigm shift from conventional treatment protocols and surgeries to tailored approaches for individual cases.
Some of the cancers originating in the reproductive organs can now be managed by conservative surgeries (Organ-preserving surgeries such as the uterus or ovarian preservation, depending on the type of cancer), e.g. Radical Trachelectomy.
Thus, it is essential to consult a gynecologic oncologist while dealing with any kind of cancer in females.
FAQs
What are common gynecologic cancers affecting women? Common gynecologic cancers include cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. These affect reproductive organs and often show subtle early signs.
What are the warning signs of gynecologic cancers? Symptoms may include unusual vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, frequent urination, bloating, or changes in genital area appearance, which a doctor should check.
How are gynecologic cancers detected early? Regular screenings like the Pap smear and HPV test can detect cervical cancer early. For other types, monitoring symptoms and consulting an oncologist is crucial.
Who is at higher risk for gynecologic cancers? Higher risk factors include family history, obesity, HIV, having multiple sexual partners, or no pregnancies. Consulting a specialist is recommended if risk factors are present.
Is there a vaccine to help prevent gynecologic cancers?
Yes, the HPV vaccine can help prevent certain types of cervical cancer. For maximum effectiveness, it is recommended for young females, ideally during their teens.
